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A proxy is also referred to the software that serves as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without proxy servers, a user could send a request to resources directly to a server and servers would then serve the requested resource directly to the user. It is an easy process to grasp and use the addition of proxies can provide benefits like improved performance and privacy, security and more. As a pass-through layer proxy servers act as a gatekeeper of the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the integrated package of server hardware with installed proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers which are typically understood as software, as well as being used in conjunction with web servers. The article will offer an explanation of the two types, namely which are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own application, and is frequently confused due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will provide an understanding of what proxy services and their subtypes are, and the ways they can be helpful for setups that are common. If you've read the article carefully, you'll to recognize situations where it's beneficial to utilize a proxy and decide on the best option between forward and reverse proxy, in any situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, also known as the open proxy is the client's representative trying to make an internet-based request to the server that made it. In this scenario any attempts to send requests by the user are instead directed straight through the forward proxy. In this scenario the forward proxy acting instead of the client will review the request. It will first decide if the client can make requests via this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either reject requests or redirect them to the original server. The client is not allowed direct access to the internet. It can access only what forward proxy allows for it to link to.




The primary reason for people to utilize forward proxy services is to improve privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy utilizes the internet in lieu of a client on its own, and during this manner it could utilize an alternate IP address to the original IP address used by the client.




Based on the way it's configured, a forward proxy can offer a variety of features and let you:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on the place of residence.




Forward proxies may also be used in systems that provide central security and access based upon permissions, like in a workplace. If all traffic on the internet flows through a common forward proxy layer an administrator can grant only a small number of clients access to the internet through a common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the client layer, which can involve many machines with different settings and users, it is possible to set up the firewall configured on an intermediary layer.




Be aware that forward proxy servers require manual setup to allow them to be used while reverse proxies may be omitted by clients. Based on the type of IP address of the client is passed to the original server via forward proxy privacy and security can be granted or kept in the dark.




There are a number of alternatives to look into for forward proxies:




Apache is an incredibly well-known open source web server, that offers forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver, which includes forward proxy functions.


Squid: An free forward proxy that makes use of the HTTP protocol. The option does not include the complete Web server software. Learn more from our guide on how you can install Squid proxy to enable private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante: A forward proxy that uses on the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer communication. You may also want to know how to build the Dante proxy to allow private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary for a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on its behalf. The web server could comprise a server or multiple servers. Additionally, it can function as an app server, like Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios a request could be made by a user through the internet at large. In the majority of cases the request is made directly to the website server that hosts the information that the user is seeking. Instead, a reverse proxy serves as a middleman to separate Web servers and prevent direct communication with the web's public.




From a consumer's point view from a client's perspective using reverse proxy isn't the same as working with a Web server in direct contact. It's basically the same, but the client isn't able to distinguish between the two. The client requests the resource and it gets it, without any extra configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




A central layer of security that guards the server.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules you can configure.


New caching functionality has been added.




While central security is a benefit for both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this feature only to the layer that is on the webserver, and not to the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls at the server level that may comprise multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of security for firewalls is centered on the reverse proxy layer. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interacting with firewalls and interfacing with client requests off of web servers enables the firewall to focus on supplying resources.




In the event of multiple servers that are connected to a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also is responsible for directing which requests are directed to the server. There could be multiple web servers that provide the same content, offering different types of services or a mixture of both. They could use the HTTP protocol exactly the same way as the traditional web server. However, they could also be able to use application server protocols such as FastCGI. It is possible to configure a reverse proxy to send visitors to specific server depending on the service being requested, or to adhere to certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also benefit from their position before web servers by providing the capability of storing data. Large static assets can be configured with caching rules to avoid having to contact web servers for every request. Some solutions even allowing you to serve static content directly without touching the web server even once. Additionally reverse proxy is able to handle the compression for these files.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as a reliable reverse proxy option. While Apache is also a reverse proxy solution however, it is a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server is outfitted with a reverse proxy option as an added option for Apache in contrast to Nginx was initially developed for and is focused on reverse proxy features.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Due to the fact that "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality as well as misleading comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing because both types of proxies handle requests and responses. The best way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the requirements of the app you're working on.




Reverse proxy can be a valuable tool when you're designing a solution to deliver web-based applications over the internet. They act as your web servers when you connect to the internet.




A forward proxy is helpful when it is placed in front of customers for your own usage or in a professional context. They serve as a representation of the client's online traffic in any interaction on the internet.




The practice of separating by use case, instead of focussing on similar names can help in making sure that there is no confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains the meaning of a proxy that has two types: the forward proxy as well as the reverse. Practical application scenarios as well as the exploration of attributes that are beneficial were used to distinguish forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring implementation of proxies, you can learn how to set up Nginx as an internet server as well as reverse proxy to Apache on Ubuntu 20.04 Server. Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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