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An proxy often referred to as a proxy server is software that acts as an intermediary between client and a server on the internet. Without the need for a proxy, an individual would send a request to something directly through a server and the server would deliver the resource directly back to the client. Though this approach is simple to grasp and implement, the addition of proxies could offer advantages in terms increased performance and privacy, security and more. Alongside offering a security layer, proxies act as a security guardian for the internet between servers and clients.




The general consensus is that the set of server hardware along with installed proxy software is also frequently referred to proxy servers. However, this article will concentrate on proxies which are usually classified as software and within the context of web servers. We will provide a brief overview of the two principal kinds that are forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage and can be confusing because of a similar naming convention.




This article will provide you with an idea of the nature of proxies and the subtypes of them and how they work in the normal configurations. Through the article you'll discover how to identify the scenarios that are the best to utilize a proxy and decide on the appropriate choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In the same way forward proxy also referred to as or an open proxy serves as the representative of a customer who wishes to forward a request via the internet to an source server. In this situation, any request made by the client is instead routed straight through the forward proxy. This forward proxy in the instead of the user, will look into the request. The first step is to determine if the client is authorized to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to reject an request and transfer it onto the original server. The client isn't able to access directly the internet. It can only access what forward proxy allows the client access.




The most common reason for using forward proxy services is to increase privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy is able to connect to the internet in the place of a client and as such, it may utilize an IP address that is different from the original IP address that the client uses.




Depending on how it's been configured in the past, forward proxy servers can provide a range of options. They allow you to:




Do not be a victim of ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify limitations based on your geographic place of residence.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide central security and permission-based access, like in the workplace. When all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy layer administrators can limit access to specific clients on the internet and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer which could include a variety of machines that have different user and environment the firewall could be placed into the forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy settings need to be manually set up in order to be used, while reverse proxies are able to be ignored by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is sent to the origin server through the forward proxy privacy and anonymity could be granted or not.




There are many options to take into consideration when it comes to forward proxy options:




Apache: A popular open-source webserver that includes forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver, this one with forward proxy features.


Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire Web server service. Take a look at our step-bystep guide to create Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy that runs on the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better suited to situations such as peer-topeer traffic. You can also look into how you can install the Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as a representation of a web server that handles incoming requests from clients on its behalf. Web servers can comprise one server or several servers. Additionally, it can be a server for applications such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios an application request is made through the internet in general. In the majority of cases, the request will be directly sent to the web server along with the data the user is asking for. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary securing Web servers from direct interaction with the web's public.




From the point of viewpoint, or from a user's perspective, working via a reverse proxy similar to working with an internet server direct. It's the same, but the client is unable to see the differences. The client requests the resource, and is then provided with it, without any additional configuration needed from the client.




Reverse proxies provide features such as:




Centrally secured to protect Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you can set up.


The caching functionality has been added to the app.




While centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies provide this feature to only the server layer and not the client layer. Instead of having firewalls running at servers on the internet, which may contain many servers and different configurations, the bulk of firewall security can be focused at reverse proxy layers. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls as well as interacting with clients' requests outside of web servers allows them to focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.




When there is a multitude of servers hosted using a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests go at which server. There may be several web servers that provide the same content, or offering different kinds of content or a mixture of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol in the same way as an ordinary web server however, they may also use other protocols for applications servers, such as FastCGI. It is also possible to set up reverse proxy to redirect clients to specific servers based on the requested resource or follow specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can benefit from their position before web servers by delivering caching capabilities. Large static assets can be set up with caching rules to avoid the web server from being hit with each request. There are solutions that permit the server to serve static assets immediately without needing to connect to a web server even once. In addition reverse proxy solutions can manage compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a well-known reverse proxy option. Even though Apache has a reverse proxy solution but it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server also comes with a reverse proxy functionality that is an added attribute of Apache while Nginx was designed initially for and focuses on the reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" or "reverse" are associated with directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, the labels could be confusing because both types of proxy are able to handle requests and responses. A better approach to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to examine the requirements of the application you're building.




Reverse proxy is beneficial when creating a solution to provide web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers whenever you connect to the web.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when placed before clients for personal use or within a corporate environment. They are your client's representative when you interact with the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on commonly used naming conventions can help in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the definition of a proxy, which includes two types of proxy: the forward one and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of beneficial characteristics were employed to identify between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about how to implement proxy services, check out our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy with Apache in Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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