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It is a proxy or proxy server, is a software program for servers which serves as an intermediary between a server and a client via the internet. Without an intermediary, a user could submit a request for any resource directly to the server and the server would serve direct the resource requested to the user. Although this is a simple process to comprehend and implement with proxy servers, it does offer benefits in terms of higher performance as well as privacy, security and more. As a layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a security guardian of the internet between the servers and clients.




In general, the system of hardware for servers and the software to install proxy servers is commonly referred to by the name proxy servers. In this post, we'll concentrate on proxies that are typically thought of as software, as well as the ones used to complement web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two main kinds of proxies: a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own specific usage scenario, which is often misunderstood because of the similar naming convention.




This article will give you the basics of what proxies and their subtypes are and how they can be used in common setups. In this article, you will be able to determine the scenarios in which an effective proxy is useful, and select the best option between reverse and forward proxy options for each situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Also forward proxy, or an open proxy is a representative of the client that is trying to send an internet request to the server from which it originated. In this scenario the entire attempt to send requests by the client will be made by the forward-proxy. In this case the forward proxy acting in instead of the user will review the request. It is the first thing to establish whether the client is authorized to send requests to this particular forward proxy. It then will reject the request as well as forward it to the original server. The client is unable to establish a direct connection to the internet; it will only be able to connect to what the forward proxy allows it access to.




The most popular applications for forward proxy servers is the increased privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy can be utilized to connect to the internet in instead of a client and could use an alternate IP address in place of the original IP address of the client.




Depending on how they were set up in the past, forward proxy servers can provide a variety of functions and allow you to:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used in security systems that require centralized and allow access based on permissions, such as at work. When all internet traffic goes through an open forward proxy layer, administrators can grant access only to specific users to the internet. This is then filtered by a common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place to protect the client layer that could be comprised of a variety of devices that are different in user and environmental settings and environment, a firewall may be placed on the front proxy layer.




Take note of the fact that forward proxy servers require manual configuration to function, however reverse proxies will be ignored to the user. Based on whether or not the address IP of a client is sent to the source server through an forward proxy. Privacy and anonymity may be granted or not noticed.




There are several possibilities to consider for forward proxy options:




Apache is a well-known open source web server, which provides forward-looking proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source server used for web hosting with forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that utilizes an HTTP protocol. This option doesn't include an entire web server. We've got a guide on how you can configure Squid proxy for private connection on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP, making it more suited to cases like peer-to peer traffic. You can also look at how to set up Dante proxy to connect privately on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is an agent of a web server that handles the incoming requests of clients on behalf of. The web server could comprise one server or multiple servers. It may also act as an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, it is possible to get a request from a client through the internet in general. In the majority of cases the request will be sent direct to the website hosting the resources the client is in need of. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, which separates Web servers and direct communication with the open internet.




From a client's perspective that is the user's perspective using reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to your webserver directly. It's exactly the same, but clients can't tell the difference. The client requests an item, and it is delivered without any additional configuration needed to be done by the customer.




Reverse proxy proxy servers can offer some features, including:




A central layer of security that guards the server.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you can establish.


A new feature for caching is now available.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxies give this service to this web server layer not that layer of the internet server, which is called client. Instead of focusing on maintaining firewalls at the layer of web servers, which might contain several servers that have different configurations, a majority of firewall security could be focused on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, removing the obligation to interface with firewalls as well as interacting with client requests off of web servers lets them concentrate solely on meeting the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers running through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also determines how requests are routed on which server. There are many web servers providing the same content however, they each serve different kinds of resources, or some mix of them. They may be using the HTTP protocol just like a standard web server, however, they may include applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy in order to redirect the clients towards specific servers depending on the service requested or to follow specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also take advantage of their placement on top of web servers by supplying caching capabilities. Large static files can be set by using caching rules that prevent the server from getting hit with every request, with certain solutions providing the option to provide static files directly, without involving the web server at all. In addition the reverse proxy can be able to handle compressing these files.




The popular Nginx webserver is a wildly popular reverse proxy option. While it is true that the Apache web server is equipped with reverse proxy functionality and is an alternative option. Apache in contrast to Nginx was originally designed and specifically focused on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality and false comparisons between "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic These labels are confusing because both types of proxies handle requests and responses. The best way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to take into account the needs of the application you're developing.




Reverse proxy can be useful in designing a solution that can provide web-based applications on the internet. They act as your servers in all interactions on the internet.




A forward proxy is helpful when used on the internet in front of traffic from clients for personal use or for work. They are a representation of your traffic every time you connect to the internet.




Differentiating by use case as opposed to focusing only on the similar naming conventions can help in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



This article describes what a proxy is with the two major kinds being reverse and forward proxy. Examples of practical applications and a review of important characteristics were used to determine forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about how to implement proxy services, you can refer to our guide on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy on Apache running on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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