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proxy, also known as a proxy is also known for its role as a proxy server software that sits acting as an intermediary between a client and server via the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, users can send a request for a service directly from the server, and the server would deliver direct access to that resource. This method is simple to grasp and use however, the addition proxy servers can offer advantages in terms of increased performance, privacy, security, and many more. Apart from offering a security layer the proxy also acts as a guardian for the internet between users and servers.




It is generally accepted that the combined combination of server hardware and the software for proxy installation is also commonly referred to as proxy servers. This article we'll concentrate on proxies that are typically classified as software and within the context of web servers. The article will give a detailed breakdown of the two main types of proxies. These are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own usage situation, and is frequently confused due to the overlap in names.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxies and their subtypes are as well as the ways they can be useful in a range of configurations. Through this guide, you'll be able to identify situations in which the use of proxies is advantageous, and decide on the appropriate alternative between forward and reverse proxy in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



An forward proxy sometimes known in the form of open proxy. An open proxy acts as an agent for a user who is trying to connect via the internet to a source server. In this situation, any attempt to send a request by the client will be routed through the forward proxy. This forward proxy acting in the client's stead will review the request. It will first determine whether the client is authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it'll either reject requests or redirect it to the source server. It's not able directly connect with the Internet. It can only access what the forward proxy enables it to access.




A typical use of forward proxy is the need for greater security or privacy when using the internet. A forward proxy can connect to Internet as a "client" during this process, it uses an alternative IP address in addition to the IP address of your client.




Depending on how it's been configured in accordance with the configuration, forward proxy may offer a range of features which allow you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can spot limitations based on your geographic location.




Forward proxies are also used in systems to provide central security as well as access permissions, like in the workplace. All internet traffic can pass by an open forward proxy, administrators are able to grant access for specific users to the internet, which is then filtered by the standard firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the client layer, which could be used by multiple computer systems with different environments and types of users, a firewall could be found in this forward proxy layer.




It is important to know that forward proxy servers have to be manually setup for them to be used however reverse proxies won't be detected by the user. Depending on whether your IP address a user is sent to the origin server via forward proxy, privacy and anonymity could be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many options to consider when it comes to forward proxy services.




Apache: A popular open-source web server that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It isn't part of the complete web server. We have a step-by-step guide to setup Squid proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP and is more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also look at how to set up the Dante proxy that allows private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is an intermediary for a web server, handling incoming requests from clients in its place. It can be used as a one server, or as a set of servers. Additionally, it can comprise an application server, like Gunicorn. It is possible to receive a request from a customer via the internet in general. In most cases, the request would be made directly to the web server that hosts the information the client is asking for. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary in order to block your website server from communicating with the internet's public.




From the point of view that is from a user's perspective, interacting with reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to the server on its own. It's functionally identical to the web server, and the user is unable discern the difference. Clients can request the resource and receive it, without any additional configuration needed from the user.




Reverse proxies grant features like:




Security centralized to web server.


The direction of traffic that is incoming according to rules you create.


Added functionality for caching.




Although centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies perform this for only the layer of web servers, but not to the client layer. Instead of implementing firewalls on the layer of web servers that may contain multiple servers with various configurations, the bulk of firewall security is located at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, removing the obligation of connecting to a firewall and interacting with requests from clients who do not have web servers lets them focus on meeting the requirements of their customers.




In the case of multiple servers hosting through reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also takes care of directing the requests on which server. Multiple web servers could be providing the exact identical service, however each having different resources, or a combination of the two. They may use the HTTP protocol in the same way as a traditional web server however, they could also be equipped with applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers to redirect users to specific servers depending on the resource requested or to adhere to certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxy systems can also benefit from their positioning on the top of web servers by using the caching feature. Large static assets can be set up with caching rules in order to ensure that web servers are not hit with every request. Some applications allow the server to serve static files directly, without needing to connect to a web server in any way. Furthermore, the reverse proxy is able to manage compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as a well-known reverse proxy service. It is true that the Apache web server does have reverse proxy function, it's an additional option for Apache and not the default option. Nginx was originally designed to and focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with a sense of directionality and misleading comparisons to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic These terms can be confusing since each type of proxy handles requests and responses. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to think about the requirements of the application you're developing.




Reverse proxy is a crucial aspect when developing an infrastructure to connect web-based applications to the internet. They act as your web server in any interaction with the internet.




Forward proxy applications are advantageous when displayed in front of clients for personal use or in a workplace. They are a representation of the traffic of your client as you interact on the internet.




The use case-based differentiation rather than focusing exclusively on the most common names will ensure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



The article outlined what is a "proxy" is, with the two primary kinds of them being reverse and forward proxies. Practical applications as well as a summary of beneficial features were used to differentiate forward proxies as well as reverse proxy. If you're looking for ways to implement proxies you should check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as web server and reverse proxy for Apache on Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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